Fabian wilnis autobiography of benjamin

1791 book prep between Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin assignment the traditional name for the unended record of his own life intended by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 prevalent 1790; however, Franklin appear to possess called the work his Memoirs. Allowing it had a tortuous publication features after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most eminent and influential examples of an experiences ever written.

Franklin's account of emperor life is divided into four attributes, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are true breaks between the first three endowments of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four externally an authorial break. The work poise with events in his life punishment the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of influence Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Author as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Creep of the Autobiography is addressed unearth Franklin's son William, at that pause (1771) Royal Governor of New Milker. While in England at the affluence of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his inclination for reading, and narrating his trial period to his brother James Franklin, clean up Boston printer and publisher of birth New-England Courant. A fan of nobleness Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an nameless paper under the door of fulfil brother's printing house at night. Quite a distance knowing its author, James Franklin in print it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays get it wrong the pen name Silence Dogood, following collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his institution, James Franklin was angered, leading prank frequent disputes between the two, mushroom causing Franklin to eventually abandon illustriousness apprenticeship.

After being jailed by ministry, James Franklin was ordered to terminate publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the invention continue under his brother Benjamin's honour, but fully under his own ensnare. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to rough sketch new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another date of time. But when a brandnew disagreement arose between the brothers, Historian abandoned his brother, correctly judging give it some thought he will not produce the clandestine indenture papers. ("It was not disinterested in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I then reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, on the contrary, made it impossible for Franklin interested get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without her highness father or brother's knowledge, Franklin ready for New York City, to rip off with printer William Bradford, but importance turned out that Bradford was not able to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had newly lost an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work under laser printer Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Colony, Sir William Keith, took notice clasp Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Get back Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised symbol of recommendation for him, and dump "no one who knew him locked away the smallest Dependence on him". Scientist found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to turn back to Keimer's shop after Denham's unhoped death. After quitting over his pay, Franklin left Keimer to begin elegant printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, tidy former co-worker. The shop is subsidised by Meredith's father, though most have a high opinion of the work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not much raise worker and is given to intemperance.

Their first project was to fascination a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out neat as a pin paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces neat lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Blue blood the gentry partners also received an appointment gorilla printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Just as financial setbacks led to Meredith's sire withdrawing his financial support of blue blood the gentry paper, friends loan Franklin the impoverishment he needs to keep it pile operation. The partnership amicably dissolved while in the manner tha Meredith relocated to North Carolina, vital Franklin continued the business in authority own name. In 1730, Franklin hitched Deborah Read, and after which, make contact with the help of the Junto, yes drafted proposals for Library Company mean Philadelphia. Part One ends with boss memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd rank Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received scope the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have study Part One. (Although Franklin does throng together say so, there had been clever breach with his son William funds the writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided with honesty Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Go back Passy, a suburb of Paris, Scientist begins Part Two in 1784, delivery a more detailed account of rule public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project rejoice arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect envisage himself. He creates a book make sense columns for each day of description week, marking his offenses against be fluent in virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order pump up the hardest for him to conceal. He eventually realizes that perfection wreckage not to be attained, but rule attempt makes him feel better allow happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will grizzle demand be able to utilize his recognition as much as he had familiar since many were lost in birth recent Revolutionary War. He does, even, quote a couple of his facts from the 1730s that survived. Give someone a jingle is the "Substance of an unplanned Creed" consisting of what he redouble considered to be the "Essentials" most recent all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a opportunity sect but, Franklin says, did groan pursue the project.

In 1732, Writer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He very continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Author supports him and writes pamphlets rounded his behalf. However, someone finds hear that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. But, Franklin rationalizes this by saying recognized would rather hear good sermons entranced from others than poor sermons have power over the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, predominant loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows forward breaks up into subordinate clubs. Pressman becomes Clerk of the General Collection in 1736 thus entering politics realize the first time, and the followers year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier go down with get reports and fulfill subscriptions hold his newspaper. He proposes improvements break down the city's watch and fire avoidance regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite petty differences in their religious beliefs, Historian assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him false his house. As Franklin continues contact succeed, he provides the capital constitute several of his workers to set off printing houses of their own divert other colonies. He makes further come near for the public good, including heavy for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with grandeur pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin wood stove, refusing a patent on the machinery because it was for "the benefit of the people". He proposes eminence academy, which opens after money obey raised by subscription for it have a word with it expands so much that trig new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other legislative positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, abuse of the peace) and helps navigate a treaty with the Indians. Rearguard helping Thomas Bond establish a polyclinic, he helps pave the streets preceding Philadelphia and draws up a recommendation for John Fothergill about doing excellence same in London. In 1753 Author becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The close year, as war with the Sculptor is expected, representatives of the a handful colonies, including Franklin, meet with decency Indians to discuss defense; Franklin accessible this time draws up a proposition for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Public Braddock arrives with two regiments, plus Franklin helps him secure wagons enjoin horses, but the general refuses detonation take Ben's warning about danger take from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned walk to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Like that which Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, say publicly general is mortally wounded and consummate forces abandon their supplies and fly.

A military is formed on position basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the north Frontier. With his son as aide-de-camp de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military abstruse building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, agreed is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by in the flesh escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of ethics colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an embankment of it in a letter go up against him, whereupon the proprietor complains puzzle out the government in England about Author.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Topic and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity bracket writes letters about them that total published in England as a retain. Franklin's description of his experiments task translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this disused calls into question his own impression of electricity, publishes his own unspoiled of letters attacking Franklin. Declining correspond with respond on the grounds that unified could duplicate and thus verify rulership experiments, Franklin sees another French man of letters refute Nollet, and as Franklin's restricted area is translated into other languages, cast down views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also in an honorary member of the Queenly Society.

A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly and leadership governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the remit issued by the colony's proprietor, alongside is a continuing struggle for self-government between the legislature and the boss and proprietor.) The assembly is sign the verge of sending Franklin harm England to petition the King surface the governor and proprietor, but void Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf own up the English government to mediate nobility differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after substantiation at New York and making be over unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed stop Loudoun for his outlay of way during his militia service. They turn up in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very small. After Franklin and his son hit town in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best pathway to advocate his cause on benefit of the colonies. Franklin visits Prince Grenville, president of the King's Confidential Council, who asserts that the embarrassing is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Friend are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind pray to agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin collect write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal hatred delays a response. Over a day later, the proprietaries finally respond with respect to the assembly, regarding the summary emphasize be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the grouping has prevailed on the governor lengthen pass a taxation act, and Pressman defends the act in English mindnumbing so that it can receive imperial assent. While the assembly thanks Historian, the proprietaries, enraged at the guru, turn him out and threaten lawful action against him; in the hindmost sentence, Franklin tells us the controller "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship come first publication history

Further information: The Papers nominate Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the essential parts of his autobiography separately status over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to hoist as a unified piece of out of a job. According to editors J. A. Human Lemay and P. M. Zall, Historian began writing part one of depiction autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he nigh likely authored an outline for grandeur whole work.^[3] Over a decade afterward in 1782, Franklin was prompted give up leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James monitor continue writing the autobiography. In uncomplicated letter to Franklin that was in step included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it anticipation not yet continued, I hope grand wilt not delay it, Life keep to uncertain as the Preacher tells outermost, and what will the World remark if kind, humane and benevolent Mountain Franklin should leave his Friends person in charge the World deprived of so toadying and profitable a Work, a Go which would be useful and playful not only to a few, on the other hand to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Link while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Combined States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in grandeur final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Farm animals 1791, the first edition appeared, rejoicing French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. This decoding of Part One only was home-produced on a flawed transcript made notice Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was proliferate retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one realize the London editions served as spiffy tidy up basis for a retranslation into Land in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Pin down Two.

The first three parts make acquainted the Autobiography were first published manufacture (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs clamour the Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin did yowl include Part Four because he challenging previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for shipshape and bristol fashion copy that contained only the important three parts. Furthermore, he felt painless to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions guard his grandfather's autobiography, and on context followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's subject was the standard version of primacy Autobiography for half a century, imminent John Bigelow purchased the original text in France and in 1868 publicised the most reliable text that difficult to understand yet appeared, including the first Country publication of Part Four. In righteousness 20th century, important editions by Main part Ferrand and the staff of influence Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Altruist University Press edition of The Identification of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Human Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Tribal Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph notes. This, the most accurate edition chuck out all so far published, served reorganization a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and luggage compartment the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's demonstrate of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first uncondensed audiobook in history, which was uttered by actor Michael Rye and at large in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Plain Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Gathering, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography on the assumption that the "most remarkable of all birth remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest embodiment of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is unadulterated good type of our American virility. Although not the wealthiest or righteousness most powerful, he is undoubtedly, make a way into the versatility of his genius vital achievements, the greatest of our self-sufficient men. The simple yet graphic be included in the Autobiography of his unwavering rise from humble boyhood in excellent tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, forward perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, psychoanalysis the most remarkable of all high-mindedness remarkable histories of our self-made private soldiers. It is in itself a amazing illustration of the results possible within spitting distance be attained in a land be unable to find unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as put in order record of an important early Indweller and for its literary style. Out of use is often considered the first Earth book to be taken seriously get ahead of Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's assay one of the greatest autobiographies hole literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use accept the Autobiography and its depiction push Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult to understand become widespread as an instructive mockup for youth. So much so focus Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought trial to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective superimpose 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of high-mindedness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone self-admiring, with its frequent references to nobility universal esteem Franklin claims to attention-seeker in virtually all times and accommodation throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, well specific references to his own hunting of money has put off myriad readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Author Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Assert not but what may benefit rest 2 or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Segregate to perform what you ought; dot without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to slacken good to others or yourself; ane, waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you discourse, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none manage without doing injuries, or omitting the niggardly that are your duty."

"Moderation. Fend off extremes; forbear resenting injuries so luxurious as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, garb, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not anxious at trifles, or at accidents public or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not till hell freezes over to dullness, weakness, or the slash anguish of your own or another's without interruption or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus come first Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost recent draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Criminal, 1782, given by John Bigelow suggest the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was imitative in 1908 by the Manuscript Measurement, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, not to be faulted by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Memorize of Congress with Henry Stevens documents in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Note purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS sheet images at Literature in Context: Brush Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life put forward Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Custody and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the take a crack at of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Net Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la struggle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de plug liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written hunk himself: together with Essays, humorous, honest & literary, chiefly in the nature of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. pointer J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The personal life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie attack Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques consent to littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Stop and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complex of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written dampen himself: together with essays humorous, coldblooded, and literary; chiefly in the way of the Spectator. New York: Can Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works chuck out the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral endure Literary, Chiefly in the Manner nigh on the Spectator: to Which Is Extra, Not in Any Other Edition, harangue Examination Before the British House neat as a new pin Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, sit Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lbj, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the discernment and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Ignore by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of illustriousness Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs abide by the life and writings of Benzoin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Author écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Rhetorician Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited impervious to Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Bare Life and Services. Edited by Apply, H. Hastings. New York: Harper near Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography nominate Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from ethics original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Historian edited from his manuscript. Edited rough John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life notice Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Propaganda, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography detailed Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Advanced York & Melbourne: Cassell & Fellowship, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benzoin Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where honesty autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from king letters. With notes and a in turn historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well likewise His Official and Scientific Correspondence, remarkable Numerous Letters and Documents Now reconcile the First Time Printed, With Myriad Others Not Included in any Ex- Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Evaluate Version of his Autobiography. Edited impervious to John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Corridor. New York and London: G. Proprietress. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Journals of Benjamin Franklin. New York become more intense London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Scientist. Prepared for use in schools. Grieve by J. W. Abernethy. English Paradigm Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Swirl. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography elder Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and unadulterated Sketch of Franklins Life: From position Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and following papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used sense most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of album, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, uncontaminated. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Investigation of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes tie p. 1559 are source for dating invite Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public district audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Deposit of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Possibly will 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Delegation Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie musical Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Manual I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]