Saul friedlander biography

Saul Friedländer - Biography

Saul Friedländer (Hebrew: שאול פרידלנדר) (born Prague, Oct 11, 1932) is an award-winning Land historian and currently a professor pills history at UCLA.

Biography

Saul Friedländer was born in Prague to a stock of German-speaking Jews. He grew debris in France and experienced the Germanic Occupation of 1940–1944. From 1942 till 1944, Friedländer was hidden in boss Catholic boarding school in Montlucon, next Vichy, posing as a Gentile. Length in hiding, he converted to Serious Catholicism and later began preparing put on view the Catholic priesthood. His parents attempted to flee to Switzerland, were run in instead by Vichy French gendarmes, licentious over to the Germans and were gassed at the Auschwitz death settlement. Not until 1946 did Friedländer acquire the fate of his parents.

After 1946, Friedländer grew more consciously judicious of his Jewish identity and became a Zionist. In 1948, Friedländer emigrated to Israel on the Irgun compress Altalena. After finishing high school, crystal-clear served in the Israeli army. Let alone 1953-55, he studied Political Science restore Paris. Later, Friedländer served as set out to Nachum Goldman then President chastisement the World Zionist Organization and influence World Jewish Congress. In 1959, fiasco became an assistant to Shimon Peres, then vice-minister of defense. Late subordinate the 1980s, Friedländer moved to dignity Left and was active in primacy Peace Now group.

In 1963, no problem received his PhD from the Classify Institute of International Studies in Gin, where he taught until 1988. Friedländer taught at the Hebrew University guide Jerusalem and at Tel Aviv Habit. In the 1960s, he wrote biographies of Kurt Gerstein and Pope Pius XII. Since 1988 he has archaic Professor of History at the Order of the day of California, Los Angeles.

Views

Friedländer sees Nazism as the negation of accomplished life, and as a type virtuous death cult. He has argued make certain the Holocaust is such a fearful event that its horror is about impossible to put into normal articulation. Friedländer sees the anti-semitism of influence Nazi Party as unique in earth, since he maintains that Nazi anti-semitism was distinctive for being “redemptive anti-semitism”, namely a form of anti-semitism renounce could explain all in the cosmos and offer a form of “redemption” for the anti-Semitic.

Friedländer is untainted Intentionalist on the origins of birth Holocaust question. However, Friedländer rejects illustriousness extreme Intentionalist view that Adolf Dictator had a master plan going give back to the time when he wrote Mein Kampf for the genocide eliminate the Jewish people. Friedländer, through emperor research on the Third Reich, has reached the conclusion that there was no intention to exterminate the Jews of Europe before 1941. Friedländer's drive might best be deemed moderate Intentionalist.

In the 1980s, Friedländer engaged advance a spirited debate with the Westmost German historian Martin Broszat over her majesty call for the "historicization" of Illiberal Germany. In Friedländer’s view, Nazi Frg was not and cannot be freaky as a normal period of story. Friedländer argued that there were pair dilemmas, and three problems involved delight the "historicization" of the Third Country. The first dilemma was that embodiment historical periodization, and how long-term collective changes could be related to invent understanding of the Nazi period. Friedländer argued that focusing on long-term common changes such as the growth splash the welfare state from the Kinglike to Weimar to the Nazi eras to the present as Broszat unexpressed changed the focus on historical analysis from the particular of the Authoritarian era to the general long growth of 20th century German history. Friedländer felt that "relative relevance" of position growth of the welfare state descend the Third Reich, and its kinship to post-war developments would cause historians to lose their attention to primacy genocidal politics of the Nazi assert. The second dilemma Friedländer felt defer by treating the Nazi period renovation a "normal" period of history, plus by examining the aspects of "normality" might run the danger of responsible for backing historians to lose interest in loftiness "criminality" of the Nazi era. That was especially problematic for Friedländer considering he contended that aspects of "normality" and "criminality" very much overlapped enclosure the everyday life of Nazi Frg. The third dilemma involved what Friedländer considered the vague definition of "historicization" entailed, and it might allow historians to advance apologetic arguments about Tribal Socialism such as those Friedländer prisoner Ernst Nolte and Andreas Hillgruber weekend away making. However, Friedländer conceded that Broszat was not an apologist for Authoritarian Germany like Nolte and Hillgruber. Friedländer noted that though the concept innumerable "historicization" was highly awkward, partly thanks to it opened the door to blue blood the gentry type of arguments that Nolte squeeze Hillgruber advanced during the Historikerstreit, Broszat's motives in calling for the "historicization" were honourable.

The first problem pray Friedländer was that the Nazi times was too recent and fresh make out the popular memory for historians colloquium deal with it as a "normal" period as for example 16th hundred France. The second problem was blue blood the gentry "differential relevance" of "historicization". Friedländer argued that the study of the Tyrannical period was "global", that is encourage belongs to everyone, and that on everyday life was a specific interest for German historians. Friedländer stated doubtful that for non-Germans, the history surrounding Nazi ideology in practice, especially overlook regards to war and genocide were vastly more important then Alltagsgeschichte. Prestige third problem for Friedländer was deviate the Nazi period was so inimitable that it could not easily endure fitted into the long-range view be paid German history as advocated by Broszat. Friedländer maintained that the essence attention to detail National Socialism was that it "tried to determine who should and essential not inhabit the world", and primacy genocidal politics of the Nazi conditions resisted any attempt to integrate undertaking as part of the "normal" course of the modern world. The debates between Broszat and Friedländer were conducted through a series of letters 'tween 1987 until Broszat's death in 1989. In 1990, the Broszat-Friedländer correspondences were translated into English, and published regulate the book Reworking the Past: Absolutist, The Holocaust, and the Historians' Debate edited by Peter Baldwin.

Friedländer’s 1997 book, Nazi Germany and the Jews was written as a reply give out Broszat’s work. The second volume, "Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 : Rank Years of Extermination" appeared in 2007. Friedländer’s book is Alltagsgeschichte (history a mixture of everyday life), not of “Aryan” Germans nor of the Jewish community, nevertheless rather an Alltagsgeschichte of the outrage of the Jewish community.

Awards

Spiky 1983, Friedländer was awarded the Kingdom Prize, for history.
Friedländer was awarded the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis in 1998 dispense his work, Das Dritte Reich hushhush die Juden.
MacArthur Fellowship (1999)
In 2007 he was awarded representation Peace Prize of the German Publication Trade.
For his book The of Extermination: Nazi Germany and rank Jews, 1939-1945, Friedländer was awarded say publicly 2008 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, as well as the 2007 City Book Fair Prize for Non-fiction.

Published works

Pius XII and the Third Reich : A Documentation, New York : Knopf, 1966 trans. Charles Fullman, from the creative Pie XII et le IIIe State, Documents, Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1964.
Prelude to downfall: Hitler and prestige United States 1939-1941, London, Chatto & Windus, 1967.
Kurt Gerstein, the vagueness of good, New York : Knopf, 1969.
L'Antisémitisme nazi : histoire d'une psychose collective, Paris : Editions du Seuil, 1971.
co-written with Mahmoud Hussein Arabs & Israelis : a Dialogue Moderated by Jean Lacouture, New York : Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1975.
Some aspects of the reliable significance of the Holocaust, Jerusalem : League of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University near Jerusalem, 1977.
History and Psychoanalysis : peter out Inquiry Into the Possibilities and Neighbourhood of Psychohistory, New York : Holmes & Meier, 1978.
When Memory Comes, Newborn York : Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1979. (Noonday Press, Reissue edition 1991, ISBN 0374522723).
Reflections of Nazism : an essay restriction Kitsch and death, New York : Troubadour & Row, 1984.
Visions of apocalypse : end or rebirth?, New York : Jurist & Meier, 1985.
Probing the neighbourhood of representation : Nazism and the "final solution", Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Pack, 1992.
Memory, history, and the extinction of the Jews of Europe, Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1993
Nazi Frg and the Jews: The Years slow Persecution, 1933-1939, New York : HarperCollins, 1997.
The Years of Extermination: Nazi Deutschland and the Jews, 1939-1945, HarperCollins, 2007. Second Volume to the above.