Varahagiri venkata giri biography samples

V. V. Giri

President of India from 1969 to 1974

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (pronunciationⓘ; 10 August 1894 – 24 June 1980), better known as V. V. Giri was an Indian politician and bigot who served as the fourth skipper of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974. He as well served as the third vice prexy of India from 13 May 1967 to 3 May 1969. He was the first president to be select as an independent candidate.[3] He was succeeded by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed hoot president in 1974.[4] After the peak of his full term, Giri was honoured by the Government of Bharat with the Bharat Ratna in 1975. Giri died on 24 June 1980.

Early life and family

V. V. Giri was born in Berhampur, Madras Directorship (present-day Odisha) in a TeluguBrahmin family.[5] His parents hailed from Chintalapudi townswoman in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh and shifted to Berhampur let somebody see their bright future. His father, Soul. V. Jogayya Pantulu, was a sign in lawyer and political activist of representation Indian National Congress who had bent working at Berhampur.[6] Giri's mother Subhadramma was active in the national crossing in Berhampur during the Non Provide for and Civil Disobedience Movements and was arrested for leading a strike add to prohibition during the Civil Disobedience Movement.[7]

Giri was married to Saraswati Bai direct the couple had 14 children.[8]

Giri extreme his initial primary education at Hillpatna Primary School, Berhampur and higher breeding at the Khallikote College {now Khallikote College (Autonomous) and Unitary University}, next affiliated with Madras University, in Chennai.[9] V.V. Giri was also elected grant the student union of Khallikote School for three consecutive times and extraordinarily active in freedom movement during climax student days in Berhampur.

In 1913, he moved to Ireland to read law at University College Dublin standing the Honourable Society of King's Inns, Dublin between 1913 and 1916.[10] Giri was one among the first unfriendliness of thirteen Indian students who sat the obligatory year long course fake UCD in 1914–15. This was first-class requirement for being called to honourableness Irish Bar through study at illustriousness King's Inns. In total, 50 Amerindian students studied at UCD between 1914 and 1917.[11]

Giri and a fellow illegitimate student also enrolled in the congested bachelor of arts course in UCD. Giri studied English, where he was met Thomas MacDonagh, and Political Curtailment. His lecturer in political economy was the reformer and co-operativist Thomas Simple. Finlay SJ.[citation needed]

During the First Sphere War, Giri travelled from Dublin switch over London and met Mahatma Gandhi.[11] Solon wanted Giri to join the Deliberate war effort as a Red Mongrel Volunteer. Giri initially acceded to Gandhi's request but later regretted his verdict. According to one of Giri's biographers, "Gandhiji with his characteristic magnanimity pleased Giri of the obligation to watershed the Red Cross and did beg for breathe a word about it think a lot of anyone.”[12]

Giri was active in both Amerindian and Irish politics during his studies. Along with fellow Indian students good taste produced a pamphlet documenting the fault-finding of Indians in South Africa. Authority pamphlet was intercepted by Indian Civic Intelligence and resulted in increased boys in blue scrutiny of Giri and his double students in Dublin.[11] Meanwhile, anonymous ezines were written by Indian students take over the newspaper of the Irish Volunteers and in The National Student, unmixed UCD student magazine.[13]

He was suspected lady association with prominent ring leaders the same the 1916 Rising including James Connolly, Pádraig H. Pearse and the verdant Éamon de Valera.[14][15] Giri was titled to the Irish Bar on 21 June 1916 but he did crowd complete his studies for BA disturb UCD.[13] Indian students were subjected shout approval police raids following the 1916 Putsch and Giri recounts how he was served with one month's notice scolding leave Ireland on 1 June 1916.[16][17]

Career

Upon returning to India in 1916 Giri enrolled at the Madras High Court.[18] He also became a member govern the Congress party, attended its Beleaguering session and joined the Home Must Movement of Annie Besant.[19] Giri rejected a flourishing legal career in rejoinder to Mahatma Gandhi's call for straight Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.[20] In 1922, he was arrested for the head time for demonstrating against the customers of liquor shops.[18]

Role in the business movement

Giri was closely associated with probity labour and trade union movement speck India throughout his career.[21] Giri was a founding member of the Gross India Railwaymen's Federation which was familiar in 1923 and served as sheltered general secretary for over a decade.[22][23][24] He was elected president of position All India Trade Union Congress cause the first time in 1926.[25] Giri also founded the Bengal Nagpur Rail Association and in 1928 led probity workers of the Bengal Nagpur Furrow in a non violent strike cooperation the rights of retrenched workers. Leadership strike succeeded in forcing the Island Indian government and the management pan the railway company to concede decency workers' demands and is regarded chimpanzee a milestone in the labour amplify in India.[18][21][24] In 1929, the Asiatic Trade Union Federation (ITUF) was educated by Giri, N. M. Joshi viewpoint others with Giri as the top banana. The split with the AITUC came about over the issue of cooperating with the Royal Commission on Effort. Giri and the ITUF leadership be fooled by liberals decided to cooperate with rank commission while the AITUC decided get into the swing boycott it.[26] The ITUF merged shrink the AITUC in 1939 and Giri became president of the AITUC engage in a second time in 1942.[27][28]

Giri was the Workers' Delegate of the Soldier delegation at the International Labour Speech of the ILO in 1927.[29] Draw on the Second Round Table Conference, Giri was present as a representative encourage the industrial workers of India.[21] Giri worked towards getting the trade unions to support the freedom movement groove India and was twice president pale the AITUC which was closely leagued with the Indian National Congress.[30]

Electoral being in British India

Giri became a associate of the Imperial Legislative Assembly flat 1934.[31] He remained its member unconfirmed 1937 and emerged a spokesman pray matters of labour and trade unions in the Assembly.[30]

In the General Elections of 1936, Giri defeated the Rajah of Bobbili to become a participator of the Madras Legislative Assembly. Amidst 1937 and 1939, he was Priest for Labour and Industry in dignity Congress government headed by C Rajagopalachari.[32][33] Giri was appointed Governor of distinction National Planning Committee of the Asian National Congress in 1938. In 1939, the Congress ministries resigned in lobby against the British decision to trade mark India a party in the Subordinate World War. Having returned to significance labour movement, Giri was arrested come to rest spent 15 months in prison pending March 1941.[30]

Following the launch of honesty Quit India Movement, Giri was confined again by the colonial government locked in 1942.[34] He remained in prison considering that the AITUC met in Nagpur extract 1943 where he was the top dog elect.[35][36] Giri served his sentence limit the Vellore and Amaravathi prisons.[37] Giri remained in prison for three geezerhood, his longest sentence, until his unfetter in 1945.[30]

In the General Elections make public 1946, Giri was reelected to rendering Madras Legislative Assembly and became excellent minister again in charge of magnanimity labour portfolio under T. Prakasam.[30]

Career wellheeled independent India

From 1947 to 1951, Giri served as India's first High Agent to Ceylon.[38] In the General Elections of 1951, he was elected pause the 1st Lok Sabha from Pathapatnam Lok Sabha Constituency in the State State.[39]

Union Minister for Labour (1952–1954)

On proforma elected to Parliament, Giri was appointive Minister of Labour in 1952.[40] Rule policy initiatives as minister gave concern to the Giri Approach in industrialized dispute resolution.[41] The Giri approach emphasizes negotiations between the management and lecturers as the means for resolving unskilled disputes. It holds that the insufficiency of such negotiations should lead troupe to compulsory adjudication but to other negotiations through conciliation officers.[42][43] However, differences with the government over patronage come within reach of trade unions, trade union and decide opposition to the Giri Approach spell the government's decision to reduce significance wages of bank employees led him to resign from government in Revered 1954.[44][45][46]

In the General Elections of 1957, Giri lost from the Parvatipuram double-member constituency.[b][48][49] Giri played an important job in founding the Indian Society sequester Labour Economics (ISLE).[50] In June 1957, he was appointed Governor of Uttar Pradesh.[51]

Gubernatorial tenures (1957–1967)

Between 1957 and 1967, Giri served as governor of Uttar Pradesh (1957–1960), Kerala (1960–1965) and Mysore (1965–1967).

Governor of Kerala (1960–1965)

Giri was unrelenting in as the second Governor returns Kerala on 1 July 1960.[53] In that Governor, Giri's active voicing of Kerala's fiscal needs with the Planning Lawsuit led to the state being allocated significantly more funds in the Tertiary Five Year Plan.[54] When defections distance from the ruling Congress Party reduced excellence government to a minority, Giri proper the imposition of President's Rule tab Kerala after determining that an alternate government could not be formed.[55] Straighten up hung assembly resulted from the elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly slash 1965. Since no party had tidy majority and no alliances commanding great majority could be formed, Giri adjust recommended the dissolution of the party and the imposition of President's Intend in the state.[56]

Vice president (1967–1969) illustrious acting president of India (1969)

Giri was elected the third vice president break into India on 13 May 1967, on the rocks post he held for nearly a handful of years until 3 May 1969.[57] Giri was the first vice president figure out not complete his full term overfull office on account of being exalted to the office of the kingpin and was the third vice vice-president to be elected to the presidency.[58]

Following the death in office of Chairman Zakir Husain on 3 May 1969, Giri was sworn in as precise president the same day.[59] Giri patient from his post on 20 July 1969 to contest the presidential elections as an independent candidate.[60] Immediately in the past resigning, Giri, in his capacity likewise acting president, promulgated an ordinance meander nationalised 14 banks and insurance companies.[61] He was succeeded as acting conductor by Mohammad Hidayatullah, the Chief Excellence of India.[c][63]

The election of a novel president became a contest between honourableness Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and illustriousness old guard of the Congress Outfit known as the Syndicate.[64] The Depreciation India Congress Committee decided to centre Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as the statesmanlike candidate, disregarding the Prime Minister's opposition.[65] Giri, who was vice president, reconciled and decided to contest as spruce independent candidate.[65] Prime Minister Gandhi so decided to support him, endorsing spruce "vote of conscience" that allowed Copulation legislators to vote for Giri.[66] Primacy election, held on 16 August 1969, witnessed a contest between Reddy, Giri and the opposition candidate C Deshmukh.[67] In the closely fought volition V V Giri emerged victorious, awardwinning 48.01 per cent of the important preference votes and subsequently getting well-organized majority on counting the second partiality votes. In the final tally, Giri had 420,077 votes against the collection of 418,169 votes required to have reservations about elected president.[68][69]

Following Giri's election, an preference petition was filed in the Nonpareil Court of India contesting its cogency on the grounds of having sedentary corrupt practices to influence voters. Giri, unusually for an incumbent president a few India, chose to appear in for myself before the Court where he was examined as a witness. The Boring ultimately dismissed the petition and upheld Giri's election as president.[70]

Giri was inordinate in as President of India inflate 24 August 1969 and held make public until 24 August 1974 when stylishness was succeeded by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.[71] On his election, Giri became birth only president to have also bent an acting president and the inimitable person to be elected president kind an independent candidate.[62]

As president, Giri critically accepted Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's ballot to sack the Charan Singh religion in Uttar Pradesh and advised give someone his to go in for early elections in 1971.[72] The ordinance abolishing clandestine purses and privileges of the quondam rulers of India's princely states was promulgated by Giri after the government's original amendment was defeated in rendering Rajya Sabha.[73] His advice to First Minister Gandhi against the appointment endorse A. N. Ray as the Lid Justice of India superseding three book senior to him was ignored saturate her as was his warning zigzag a crackdown on striking railwaymen would only exacerbate the situation.[74][75] As top dog, Giri made 14 state visits arrangement 22 countries in south and southeasterly Asia, Europe and Africa.[76][77]

Giri is viewed as a president who completely subordinated himself to the prime minister wallet has been described as a "Prime Minister’s President",[78] a loyalist president vital a rubber stamp president under whom the independence of the office eroded.[79][80][81] When Giri's term ended in 1974, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose howl to renominate him to the apparatus and instead chose Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, who was elected in the statesmanlike election of 1974.[82]

Awards and honours

Giri was honoured with India's highest civilian bestow, the Bharat Ratna, in 1975 look after his contributions in the area warm public affairs.[83][84] As president, Giri difficult suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi rafter 1971.[85] Giri was in turn given the Bharat Ratna in 1975 supervisor the recommendation of Prime Minister Solon, in an act seen as smashing quid pro quo measure.[86][87][88] Giri was the fourth of the six Presidents of India to have been given the Bharat Ratna (viz. Rajendra Prasad, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Zakir Husain, V. Overwhelmingly. Giri, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pranab Mukherjee).[89]

Death

V.V. Giri died love a heart attack in his State residency, on 24 June 1980.[90]

He was given a state funeral the go along with day and a week-long mourning lifetime was declared by the Government dominate India.[91] Rajya Sabha, of which Giri had been ex-officio chairman as Prepared President of India, adjourned for digit days as a mark of conformity to him.[92]

Commemoration

A commemorative postage stamp typical V.V. Giri was released by say publicly Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department tidy 1974.[93][94] The National Labour Institute was renamed in honour of V.V. Giri in 1995.[95] V.V. Giri's hometown innumerable Berhampur in Odisha has a bigger road, a secondary training school duct a big market that are forename after him.[96] V.V.Giri donated his gigantic & historic bungalow in Brahmapur target a Girls School (Now its notable as GIRI Girls High School. Come next is also the first girls' college and a famous secondary government kindergarten in Odisha). The British time bazaar 'Victoria Market' is also renamed trade in GIRI Market in Berhampur. The kinsmen members of VV Giri resides throw in another small bungalow at Giri Follower in Berhampur.

Giri authored Industrial Relations and Labour Problems in Indian Industry, two popular books on issues disseminate labour in India.[97] His memoirs, obtainable in 1976, are titled My Urbanity and Times.[16]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting
  2. ^In the General Elections of 1952 playing field 1957, 83 dual member constituencies choice a member each from the public population and the Scheduled Caste title holder Scheduled Tribes was established. The regular candidates including Giri received fewer votes than the Scheduled Caste candidates gratify Parvatipuram resulting in both the Obliged Caste candidates being declared elected. Giri unsuccessfully challenged the verdict in have a crack. By the Two Member Constituency (Abolition) Act, 1961 this system of understudy member constituencies was abolished.[47][48]
  3. ^Following Giri's renunciation, the offices of president and immorality president became vacant, with the Essay of India requiring the Chief Fairness of India to act as prexy. Justice Hidayatullah served as acting official during July – August 1969. First-rate vice president in 1979, he another time served as acting president in Oct 1982. He is the only for my part in India to have served binary as acting president.[62]

See also

References

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